Pseudomembranous Enterocolitis - Symptoms & Treatment

Pseudomembranous colitis is an infection of the colon frequent. It caused by the bacterium Clostridium difficile. The illness is featurised by offensive-smelling diarrhe, fever, and abdominal pain. The most common swaying factor is prior use of antibiotics, including vancomycin and metronidazole. Pseudomembranous colitis is a severe inflammatory disease of the colon that in mild cases may appear as slightest inflammation or edema of the colonic mucosa. In more acute cases, the mucosa often is covered with loosely cohort nodular or diffuse exudates. These raised exudative plaques are 2-5 mm in size. Coalescence of these plaques generates an endoscopic appearance of yellowish pseudomembranes lining the colonic mucosa. Other risk factors have also been defined. C difficile is an unusual integrant of healthy bowel flora. It is present in 3-5% of healthy adults; however, as many as 50% of infants and young adults harbor both the bacteria and its contagions. Pseudomembranous colitis is a ambuscadingly rare disease in infants and young children. C. difficile in the gastrointestinal tract leads to a spectrum of incarnations from the asymptomatic carrier state to fulminant colitis.

Adequate infection control and sapient use of antibiotics are necessary means in attempting to control the spread of C difficile infection. Attempts at making an effective human vaccine are presently under way. The low episode of colitis in the pediatric population is attributed to the strength of the immune system. Pseudomembranous enterocolitis has occurred postoperatively in asthenic. Whatever the cause, necrotic mucosa is substituted by a pseudomembrane filled with staphylococci, leukocytes, mucus, fibrin, and inflammatory cells. Pseudomembranous enterocolitis many symptoms first is bloody diarrhea, abdominal pain, and fever. Acute complications, including severe dehydration, electrolyte imbalance, depression, shock, and colonic perforation, may occur in this disorder. Rare cases have been associated to Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella species, Clostridium perfringens, Yersinia species, Shigella species, Campylobacter species, cytomegalovirus, Entamoeba histolytica, and Listeria species

Causes of Pseudomembranous Enterocolitis

Common Causes of Pseudomembranous Enterocolitis

• Clostridium difficile infection
• Flora.
• Clindamycin.

Symptoms of Pseudomembranous Enterocolitis

Common Symptoms of Pseudomembranous Enterocolitis

• Watery.
• Diarrhea.
• Abdominal pain.
• Fever.
• Foul-smelling.

Treatment of Pseudomembranous Enterocolitis

Common Treatment of Pseudomembranous Enterocolitis

• Vancomycin is the most trustworthy treatment of the disease. The prescribed dose is 125 mg every 6 hours for 7-14 days for adults and 500 mg/1.73 m 2 every 6 hours for infants. It can be used as therapeutic trial in infants to authenticate the diagnosis.
• Oral vancomycin is usually given for serious or resistant cases
• Teicoplanin is a new antibiotic with a recommended oral dose of 100 mg bid.
• Cholestyramine is used in patients with mild disease and in relapses. The reaction rate is variable and low in general. The recommended oral dose is 4 g qid. Obstipation is the most common adverse effect. It should not be used synchronously with vancomycin.
• Surgical therapy( Diverting ileostomy, Colostomy) It is used rarely for direct inculcation of antibiotic into the colon lumen in patients with paralytic ileus.